Researchers evaluate biological risk posed by dirt on external surfaces of sea freight

Invasive alien species, introduced by human activities, can harm native flora and fauna. Research on the topic is lacking, but a study by the B3 research team in New Zealand evaluated the biological risk of dirt on sea freight. They found that soil carried live bacteria, fungi, worms, seeds, and insects, including regulated biosecurity organisms not found in New Zealand. The spread of exotic species through these pathways can have significant environmental, economic, and social costs.