Robotic artificial muscles based on novel material combinations reduce energy consumption: Study

Researchers have developed a simple method for creating soft material-based actuators using multi-material structures. These actuators, which convert electrical energy into motion or force, have gained attention for their lightweight, quiet operation, and biodegradability. Previously, continual electrical stimulation only allowed for short-term muscle contractions. However, the researchers have now developed a system that enables accurate force measurement and allows for long-term muscle contractions.